Water
Pollution
·
The Water (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act was
enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution,
and for the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water in the country.
The Act was amended in 1988.
·
The Water (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Cess Act was enacted in 1977, to provide for the levy and collection of a
cess on water consumed by persons operating and carrying on certain types of
industrial activities. This cess is collected with a view to augment the
resources of the Central Board and the State Boards for the prevention and
control of water pollution constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control
of Pollution) Act, 1974. The Act was last amended in 2003.
Air
Pollution
·
The Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act was
enacted in 1981 and amended in 1987 to provide for the prevention, control and
abatement of air pollution in India
Environment
Protection
·
The Environment
(Protection) Act was enacted in 1986
with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the
environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under
section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in
all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar
to different parts of the country. The Act was last amended in 1991.
Public
Liability Insurance
·
The main objective of
the Public Liability Insurance Act 1991is to provide for damages to
victims of an accident which occurs as a result of handling any hazardous
substance. The Act applies to all owners associated with the production or
handling of any hazardous chemicals.
National
Environment Tribunal
·
In 1995 the Central
Government established the National Environment Tribunal [through the National
Environment Tribunal Act 1995] to provide for strict liability for damage
arsing out of accidents caused from the handling of hazardous substances.
Act
National
Environment Appellate Authority
·
The National
Environment Appellate Authority (NEAA) was set up by the Ministry of
Environment and Forests to address cases in which environment clearances are
required in certain restricted areas. It was established by the National
Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997 to hear appeals with respect
to restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes or
class of industries, operations or processes shall or shall not be carried out,
subject to certain safeguards under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The
Authority shall become defunct and the Act shall stand repealed upon the
enactment of the National Green Tribunal Bill 2009 currently
pending in Parliament
Act
Animal
Welfare
·
The Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals Act was enacted in 1960 to prevent the
infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals and to amend the laws
relating to the prevention of cruelty to animals. After the enactment of this
Act, the Animal Board of India was formed for the promotion of animal welfare.
Act
Wildlife
·
The Government of
India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 with the
objective of effectively protecting the wild life of this country and to
control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives.
The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences
under the Act have been made more stringent. The Ministry has proposed further
amendments in the law by introducing more rigid measures to strengthen the Act.
The objective is to provide protection to the listed endangered flora and fauna
and ecologically important protected areas.
Act
Bill
Forest
Conservation
·
The Scheduled
Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights)
Act, 2006, recognizes the rights of forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes
and other traditional forest dwellers over the forest areas inhabited by them
and provides a framework for according the same.
·
The Forest
Conservation Act 1980 was enacted to help conserve the country's
forests. It strictly restricts and regulates the de-reservation of forests or
use of forest land for non-forest purposes without the prior approval of
Central Government. To this end the Act lays down the pre-requisites for the
diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes.
·
The Indian
Forest Act, 1927 consolidates the law relating to forests, the transit
of forest-produce and the duty leviable on timber and other forest-produce.
Act
Biodiversity
·
The Biological
Diversity Act 2002 was born out of India's attempt to realise the
objectives enshrined in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD) 1992 which recognizes the sovereign rights of states to use their own
Biological Resources. The Act aims at the conservation of biological resources
and associated knowledge as well as facilitating access to them in a
sustainable manner and through a just process For purposes of implementing the
objects of the Act it establishes the National Biodiversity Authority in
Chennai.
Act
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