Nature
of damages caused by cyclones to agricultural
crops
1. Mortality
of plants
2. Suppression
of tillering in rice
3. Complete
or partial lodging in rice, cotton, sugarcane,
vegetables, tobacco etc
4. Uprooting
of plants in coconut, banana, sugarcane,
orchards and field crops
5. Yellowing
and shedding of leaves
6. Excessive
vegetative growth in cotton
7. Increased
virulence of pests and diseases. For Example sheath
blight, bacterial
leaf blight, brown plant hopper in rice, pod
borers, die-back,
fruit rot in vegetables like chillies and tomato,
helicoverpa incidence
and rotting of bolls in cotton and wilting
of plants.
8. Shattering
of grains/pods where the crop is in ripening or
maturity phase
9. Nutritional
disorders and toxicities
10. Wetting
of harvested rice sheaves in the field
11. Soil
salinity build up and soil erosion in varying degrees
depending upon the land topography.
12. Water
logging of cultivated lands
13. Sand
casting in land areas due to tidal waves lashing the coast
14. Difficulty
in threshing, cleaning and drying of agricultural
Produce
Economic
consequences of cyclones
1.
Land degradation and loss of soil productivity
2. Considerable
expenditure on land reclamation
3. Reduction in total
agricultural production
4. Damage to the
ecosystem
5. Disruption of
roads, transport, communication
and human settlements
6. Reduction in
aquaculture activities
Mitigation
options
a)
Rice
1. If the crop is
caught in cyclone or tidal waves at maturity
stage, drain the
paddies and thresh the rice sheaves
immediately. Use of
threshers/mechanical dryers to quick
threshing, cleaning
and drying of grain need to be
explored.
2. Reclaim the
salinated fields, by flooding with good quality
irrigation water
leaching the salts and draining the fields
followed by puddling.
Apply SSP @ 100 kg/ha to hasten
the decomposition of
stubbles for preparing the field in
time for second crop.
Raise nurseries on non-saline soil.
3. In fodder
nurseries situations due to complete failure of
rice crop raise
fodder crops like pillipesera, cowpea, sun
hemp etc., in
marginal lands unfit for rice cultivation.
4. In area where rice
cultivation is not possible, raise
alternate crops like
groundnut, maize, rabi redgram,
blackgram, rabi
castor etc.
5. Control rodents
through community approach
b)
Cotton and chillles
1. Carryout
the earthing up by carefully lifting the lodged
plants
2. Raise coriander or
Chickpea or Black gram or sunnhemp in
fields where the
cotton crop is completely damaged due to
uprooting
3. Spray 2% urea on
cotton plants having foliage
c)
Banana
1. Remove
the damaged plants by leaving two suckers
2. Fertilize
the plants for four months @ 80 g urea and 80g
muriate of
potash/plant.
3. Cover
the bunches on damged plants with leaves and harvest
them within 15 to 20
days
d)
Coconut
1. Cut and remove the twisted leaves
2. Provide support to hanging bunches
3. Apply a booster fertilizer dose @ 0.5
kg Diammonium phosphate,
0.5 kg Urea and 1.5
kg muriate of potash per plant to bearing
palm trees
e) Acid lime
1. Uplift the fallen trees and carryout the
earthing up
2. Remove the damaged branches and apply
Bordeaux paste
Sand
casting
Deposition of sand
particles on the agricultural fields due to
natural calamities is
termed as sand casting
1. Where
sand casting is about 15 cm, incorporate the same into the
soil by ploughing
with wooden or mould board or disc plough.
This may be followed
by normal cultivation.
2. Where
the sand casting is between 15 to 60 cm, sand may be
removed using
bulldozers. This may be followed by normal
cultivation.
3. Where
sand casting is more than 60 cm, no reclamation or
removal of sand is
suggested, since this would be costly and
difficult to dump the
sand so removed in the nearby fields: in
such cases, plant
horticultural crops like cashew nut, coconut
and casuarinas etc,
in situ,
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